Communication in a Diverse World Essays

Communication in a Diverse World Essays Communication in a Diverse World Essay Communication in a Diverse World Essay Log One The aim of day one was to raise awareness of the elements of communication in a diverse world. This was the introduction to Communication in a Diverse World with one of the outcomes being appreciating the value of promoting a safe and positive communication environment as well as indentifying own personal development issues in the context of communication and the diversity when working with not only the service users but with families, parents and carers. Communication is a way of using words to express our thoughts and feelings to another individual (Ellis, Gates and Kenworthy, 2003). Already I felt that I had to develop this outcome quickly not just for the nursing profession but for my own personal area of life. By the end of the session I became extremely aware of the effectiveness of good communication skills within the nursing profession, I recognise that this was the key fundamental skill in nursing. We watched a DVD in the first session which outlined to me what patients really wanted from nurses. I learned that effortless things such as the right facial expressions, listening attentively, or the way we approach and converse to service users will make big differences. This will not only make the duty of care easier but will also create a trusting relationship between the service users and nurse (The Nursing Times (2007). An exercise was conducted in session which involved introducing each other, I felt nervous and limited in what to say simply because of the fear of being judged. I then learned that this may be how patients might feel if they have not been to a hospital before or on having to meet a healthcare professional for the first time. I in addition became knowledgeable of the importance of maintaining professional boundaries with service users (Nursing and Midwifery Code, 2008). Being aware of the difference between social and therapeutic relationship as this will improve on the way we worked and relate to service users. This could be achieved by me being clear of my expectations and check their understanding as this will avoid conflict or misunderstandings also among my colleagues. Furthermore became aware of the way I communicate without affecting the service user or colleagues’ feelings. In conclusion to day one, my awareness to everything was increasingly improved, I am not suggesting that my way of dealing with communication before was in any way bad but I will say that, I had a mild approach to things, I now feel competent enough to approach people the right way with the right mind-set. Moreover assumption is out of my mentality, I am frequently reflecting back on my sessions and immediately I become tuned with the right approach to things. Log Two Day two aim was to define and explore essential human attributes required for working in partnership with individuals, one of the learning outcomes was to define and explore the therapeutic use of self, incorporating the qualities of kindness, sensitivity and compassion. This part of the module has increased my awareness of just how vital these three components are. They are needed in order to be a well developed member of the nursing profession. I learned that these components can be shown and defined in many different ways. I felt that every person involving themselves in the nursing profession must possess some form of empathy not just for the service users but for everyone around them. In my opinion therapeutic self means, knowing the professional boundaries between self and the service user, this includes me as the nurse to be clear of my own expectations as well as those of the service user and to make certain their understanding is checked carefully. Another way is being conscious of self disclosure, knowing what information is safe and relevant to reveal about myself. I learned that being congruent is another essence in nursing as we watch a DVD that touched the subject of honesty, this made me aware that service users values honesty amongst nurses. Following the session I also became alert of the unconditional positive regard that we nurses require in order to provide the best care possible, also being alert of our own beliefs and values and making sure that they do not intervene with the relationship development. Sensitivity in addition to empathy needs to help us endorse emotional comfort (Chambers and Ryder, 2009). The key aspects of care need to be applied to every aspect of nursing, it adds value to the physiological care and gives a sense of being valued to the service user. Kindness can be described as ‘perceived intent to support felt by the care recipient’ (Llewellyn and Hayes, 2008: 109). Clearly this is important in nursing after all, we want the service user to understand and feel aware of our duty and desire to care for and support them. Sensitivity is broadly speaking about being tuned in to the needs of others, being sensitive to their emotional needs, feelings and reactions. We were also given a leaflet on the Johari window and unknown to me, friends said I have grown in wisdom, informing me that I now think before I speak. I also learned that compassion is a basic kindness with a deep awareness and empathy for the suffering of living things. Also carried in compassion is the desire to change or improve the circumstances or situation of the subject that is perceived to be suffering and this described by (Chambers and Ryder, 2009: 2) ‘Compassion is the essence of caring and therefore the essence of nursing’. In conclusion I am now aware of how important it is to demonstrate kindness, sensitivity and compassion to other people, after being a service user myself (I was in hospital earlier this year), I felt well looked after because they constantly demonstrated these components. I will take this experience with me in practice as I now know that if treated with dignity and respect a greater standard of care is received. Log Three One of the learning outcomes of day three was to explain the importance of respecting diversity, individual choice and preferences. In my opinion diversity are the things that make us all individuals, that difficult mix that make us who we are and indentifies us as an individual. For day three we watched a DVD on disability and I felt sad and embarrassed my own past experiences as a child of how I reacted when I saw a disabled individual, the video made aware how the society has now changed since the fifties, I learned they are just as normal as everyone else and should not be judged, everyone deserves equal treatment and respect. Transcultural nursing is a critical aspect of healthcare today. The ever growing multicultural population in countries possess a major challenge to nurses given that individualise and holistic care to service users. This requires nurse to familiarise and welcome cultural differences in healthcare values, beliefs and customs. Nurses must obtain the needed knowledge and skills in cultural competency. Ethnically competent nursing care helps guarantee service users satisfaction and positive outcome (Journal of Cultural Diversity, 2008). I learned about the six strands of diversity and was happy to learn that various laws are now in place to make sure that one may not be discriminated against on these grounds such as the Employment Equality Age Regulation (2003) protects age legislation, The Disability Discrimination Act (1995), Sex Discrimination Act (1975), Race Relations Act (1976) amended (2000), Equal Pay Act (1970), The Equality Act (2006) and many more. I also learned nurses are also protected from being discriminated against because looking after older or disabled people, available on ( qualities. gov. uk). I learned that when dealing with disabled individuals, patience, kindness, sensitivity and compassion are the keys to reach a successful outcome despite of any disability that they may have. I became more aware that if the six strands of diversity are not respected, it can lead to social exclusion and this is how some people become depressed or homeless, as they are shunned and left unsupported. People wit h mental health issues and older people are more at risk of this because of their vulnerability. Whilst it is important to have all these legal frameworks put in place it was also important that us as individuals attitude of the wider society changes too. I now understand how crucial it is being non judgemental and accepting people for who they are. Gaining consent is essential before commencing any treatment of care (Nursing and Midwifery Code, 2008) this clearly made realise that supporting service users right to decline care and respecting their choice at all times was extremely vital. In conclusion to day three, I understand the crucial nature of respecting everyone’s faith and beliefs although some of us are physically or mentally different, we all have an equal right to expect equal treatment and opportunity. For me to perform in nursing at my best the service users must be given an equal stake in it. Diversity is should be embraced as this is what makes the world and interesting place to live. Log Four One of the learning outcomes of day four was to describe the key skills of communication. I will start by saying that communication is the key to everything, without the ability to communicate I could not write this and you would be unable to understand it. Communication is sharing our understandings (Barber, 1993 cited by Hinchcliff et al, 2008). Verbal communication consists of the use of words and language. It is used to think about an idea to share experiences and to validate the meaning of perceptions about the world and one’s place in it (Arnold and Boggs, 2007). Most people would consider verbal communication to be our primary communicative tool and people’s choice of language can vary according to education, race, beliefs and other socio economic factors. We looked at various ways of communicating with different individuals, approaching them the right way without feeling patronised or disrespected. I understood the importance of non-verbal communication, how vital it can be to do the simplest things such as being alert of my body language and posture. I learned different forms of non-verbal communication that I was not aware of before such as appearance, clothing, smell, grooming (Handout Day four, Page 2). Such simple things have now alerted me more on the way a person portrays themselves. Something else new was paralanguage because I did not know that things such as rhythm, rate, volume, pitch, stress are called paralanguage (Burnard, 1997). We also watched a DVD of dementia service users listening to live music. Watching the video they looked happy singing along to all tunes. At the end of this I took home the confidence to do what will be best for my patients regardless of others, also I now know other forms of communicating with disabled sufferers such as being creative or organising other forms of social activities even have symbols or drawings that they can point at to expressed how they are feeling or what they want or need, all conscious person are still able to communicate despite the severity of their disability (Kraszewski and McEwen, 2010). This is where eye contact, proximity, touch and facial expression become important to show care and attentiveness. Although caring for people in distress may be emotionally demanding and challenging, I develop the skill of understanding my role as a nurse as well as remembering why I chosen to be a nurse (Sully and Dallas, 2005). To add to this, we did and exercise of describing shape for colleagues to draw, at first I was feeling incompetent to give the right instruction as I am always panicking but when calm and listening attentively I was able to deliver the appropriate instruction without confusion. This taught me to be calm and attentive to my service users at all times. Something new I learned is that older people sometimes find it hard to reveal private information to younger individuals, even if a nurse, so it is important to show respect when communication by asking how they will like to be addressed rather than assumed that their first names are acceptable. I am now extremely aware of how to communicate with people using the right approach and bring creativity to my workplace. I became aware that although the colours, setting or machine noise and everyone around me may affect my level of communication, I am now competent not to let that distract me and still provide the best possible standard of care for my service users. Log Five One of my chosen learning outcomes for day five was to recognise when communication skills have been effective. I was absent on day five and missed out on all the discussions that were made during the session, however, looking at the handouts of other sessions I was able to indentify that my communication skills have become more effective when I had less need to reflect on previous sessions before approaching the service users or everyone around me. It has now become second nature to me to maintain awareness of paralanguage and non-verbal communication from the first point of contact as well as being aware of what I am saying and I have achieved this by purely maintaining eye contact when talking, giving the appropriate facial expression, touch, asking questions to indicate an interest and at the end of the conversation asking if there is anything else I could do for them. There are other ways that I could develop my skills even when I am not working and is my belief that I will find just as many chances to practice communication skills with my course colleagues and socially as I will professionally. Reading the handout of day five I came across paraphrasing and reflecting feelings, I felt these were new tools to use in practice to help focus and build trust. Summarising was new and useful because I am now knowledgeable of how to review an interview and how to terminate it appropriately leaving the service user feeling satisfied while still using the suitable communication skills. I was also educated by the handout that speaking to older people with patronising speech can have a negative effect on their dignity and well-being (Draper, 2005). Another way of patronising speech that I became aware of was speaking more slowly and in shorter sentences, which does not increase the speech comprehension (Williams, 2004). I became alerted of others ways in meeting challenges, which could be by recognising when am becoming defensive or listening carefully without interruption when someone asks a questions or make suggestions. Log Six My outcome of day six was to identify what communication skills that I have developed and to demonstrate an understanding of the qualities of kindness, sensitivity and compassion. Trying to assess myself as a communicator has been both challenging and interesting. Reflecting on the past I have tried to indentify some shortcomings I have, to gain inspiration from the knowledge base of others and to try and build on my strengths. It has been a real eye opener to me to see and hear what a complex and diverse skill set being a good communicator demands, experts state that communication is composed of diverse methods: words, voice, tone and non-verbal clues. Of these, some are more effective in delivering a message than others. According to research, in a conversation or verbal exchange: Words  are  7% effective, tone of voice  is  38% effective, non-verbal clues  are  55% effective, available on ( itstime. com/aug97. htm). Language is only one part of effective communication and that it can be complimented through non-verbal and paralanguage skills. I have also become intensely aware that communication is not a one way street, that is to say, it is not simply about making myself understood but that it is equally important to use my new found communication skills to better understand what others may be trying to convey to me. After all, in nursing our actions and decisions have a direct effect on people who depend on us to enhance their wellbeing and the greater the accuracy of the information we assemble from or interactions with service users, the better we are able to adapt or respond to the individuals need. The can be no effective transfer or information without effective communication. â€Å"To effectively communicate, we must realise that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others† (Anthony Robbins). I need to add also that the same principle would apply in dealing with one’s colleagues and in becoming a valuable and supportive member of a nursing team. I was happy to learn that I was able to influence colleagues in a positive way with my contributions, it was a nice feeling to know that colleagues remembered my contributions. We did and exercise where we had to build a legonian in teams, I learned that good delegation, calmness and effective listening were the way to achieve this effectively and these will be useful tools to take into practice. During the legonian exercise, colleagues were kind and were all aware that some of us may be extremely sensitive which made feel less pressured, I then realise how crucial it is to be kind, sensitive and compassionate towards others. In conclusion to day six I learned the importance respecting people sensitive nature and regularly show kindness and compassion through my actions. Also learned that working as a team effectively leads to positive outcomes. Over the course, key words that were continuously and regularly mention were kindness, sensitivity and compassion and it struck me that knowing the definitions of these words is not enough, but that communicating these concepts through our actions and by learning to better demonstrate them via enhanced communication skills is actually a display of sensitivity to the needs of the service users in itself. I would like to offer the opinion that these can be grouped under the heading of ‘RESPECT’ and it is through the desire to communicate better and understand more that we can demonstrate our respect for service users and everyone around us furthermore properly meet their needs, and at the same time effectively communicate our own needs to those working around us. I have also learned that I have skills I can now put names to! And that I still have a great deal to learn. References The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives London: NMC Sully, P and Dallas, J (2005) Essential Communication Skills for Nursing Journal of Cultural Diversity, (2008) Madeline M. Maier-Lorentz: Transcultural Nursing: Its Importance in Nursing Practice Chambers, C and Ryder, E (2009) Compassion and Caring in Nursing Kraszewski, S and McEwen, A (2010) Communication Skills for Adult Nurses Equalities. gov. uk www. itstime. com Llewellyn, A and Hayes, S (2008) Fundamentals of Nursing Care: A textbook for Student of Nursing and Healthcare Burnard, P (1997) Effective Communication Skills for Health Professionals Arnold, E and Underman-Boggs, K (2007) Interpersonal relationships:   Professional Communication Skills for Nurses Nursing Times Communication skills: Essence of Care benchmark: Published 13 December (2007) Ellis, R, Gates B, Kenworthy, N (2003): Interpersonal Communication in Nursing: Theory and practice Anthony Robbins (Internet quote) Draper (2005)

Love Actually Quotes

Love Actually Quotes The 2003 movie Love Actually emphasizes the funny side of love through an interesting series of plots and subplots. The movie follows eight couples- each telling a tale of love and adding a fresh perspective. Their tales are loosely interconnected, and all are set during a month before Christmas in London. If you are in love  or have been in love, you will empathize with the characters in Love Actually. Hugh Grant, Billy Bob Thornton, Laura Linney, and others put in terrific performances. Check out the quotes to reminisce about the movie. Judy All I want for Christmas is you. Aurelia  [in Portuguese] I will miss you. And your very slow typing... and your very bad driving.Thank you. That will be nice. Yes is being my answer. Easy question. Juliet All I want is just one shot of me in a wedding dress that isnt bright turquoise. Sam But you know the thing about romance is people only get together right at the very end.Lets go get the shit kicked out of us by love. Karen True love lasts a lifetime.Weve never got friendly. I just wanted to say I hope that can change. Im nice, I really am, apart from my terrible taste in pie. And it would be great if we could be friends.Get a grip; people hate sissies. No ones ever going to shag you if you cry all the time.The trouble with being the Prime Ministers sister is it does put your life into a rather harsh perspective. What did my brother do today? He stood up and fought for his country. And what did I do? I made a paper-mache lobster head. Karl Life is full of interruptions and complications. Mia Ill just be hanging around the mistletoe, hoping to be kissed. Billy Mack When I was young and successful, I was greedy and foolish, and now Im left with no one ... wrinkled and alone. Jamie [in Portuguese] Beautiful Aurelia, Ive come here with a view of asking you to marriage me. I know I  seems  an insane person- because I hardly  knows  you- but sometimes things are so transparency, they dont need evidential proof. And I will inhabit here, or you can inhabit with me in England.Christmas is a time for people with someone they love in their lives. Daniel Youve seen the films, kiddo. It aint over til its over.Jo and I had, uh, a lot of time to prepare for this moment. Some of her, uh, requests- for instance, that I should bring Claudia Schiffer as my date to the funeral- I was confident she expected me to ignore.Tell her that you love her. Youve got nothing to lose, and youll always regret it if you dont. Colin American girls would seriously dig me with my cute British accent.I am Colin. God of sex. Im just on the wrong continent, thats all.Im on Shag Highway heading west. Sarah Hello, darling. No, no, Im not busy. No ... fire away. Prime Minister I had an uncle called Terence once. Hated him. I think he was a pervert. But I very much like the look of you.Who do you have to screw around here to get a cup of tea and a chocolate biscuit?

U.S. housing price Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

U.S. housing price - Term Paper Example The situation became worse with the reduction in the availability of credit. This made it impossible for the willing prospects to pay for home ownership. This paper makes an attempt to investigate the housing problems of the US and the future that lies ahead of this sector. The project would also provide a direction to the prospective buyers of the houses and would help to determine how the prices of the new housing projects could be reduced. Necessary graphs and charts have been provided to present the statistics that would support the arguments put forward in the paper. How serious is housing price problem in the USA? Studies have proved that in the United States there exists inequality in the distribution of wealth among the population of the country. Federal Reserve has stated that out of the total net worth of the individuals, 27% is accounted for household real estate. An average American would allocate almost 66 % of his or her wealth for housing. On the other hand the high ne t worth individuals of the country generally keeps their money invested in form of a variety of financial assets. The major part of the investment portfolios of these people do not consist of housing investments. Therefore this group of people generally react less to the fluctuation in the housing prices. Thus when there is a rise in the housing prices the people belonging to the middle get mostly affected by it.... On the other hand the people who had their money invested in their primary residence faced the brunt. Generally the housing prices indices have been used to analyze the prices of the housing investments throughout the country (Holt, 2009). However, it cannot be generalized easily because there are regional disparities in the prices of the housing. The size and location of the housing has an effect on the prices that would exist in the market. There might also be defect in the construction of the housing prices index. These data on these indices present certain surprising information. Situations of distress sales of the housing have caused the builders to review their price setting procedure (Talbott, 2003). However, the homes which have been valued at a very high rate have faced a decline in their values with the problems in the housing market. There are a host of reasons for this. The debt to income ratio of the loans and the amount of down payment that the buyers could make for pur chasing a house had been low. Along with this, the loans that were provided were not underwritten in the proper manner. The long term interest rates in the country have been rising in the recent past. This has also posed a threat to the housing market. If the rate of interest on the bonds rises, people would shy away from making housing investments and would park their money for the long term because such investments would be riskless for the investor. Figure 1: Long term interest rates in 2013 Source: Nothaft, 2013 Thus the affordability of housing is quite low for those families that lie in the middle income group. This is especially true in the metro areas of the country. Again at a time of a boom in the housing prices, the real activities taking place

Summery and Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summery and Critical Analysis - Essay Example The company also has to ensure that the marketing analysis is done perfectly and this involves issues such as surveying the potential markets and finding out the types of markets that their services can supply without any issues. It is also necessary that an individual realize their niche in the market to ensure that they give the best services they can to their clients. The chapter is very exhaustive on the topic of marketing as the reader gets to know the various issues about marketing and the way that the design marketer can get his company to get more and more clients. The chapter is exhaustive on the four principles of marketing which include the price, the product, the place and the promotional strategy put in place to ensure that the product is well known among the customer base. A marketing plan is include in the chapter which helps in enabling the reader on how to come up with a good plan to market the products and how to reach out to the most suitable markets in the industry (Russel). Promotional basics talks of the different ways that a firm makes their products known to the public. While promotion includes things such as advertising, public relations is concerned more with the fact the company’s image in the eyes of the public. One of the major ways that firms can establish coverage is by having press releases. Press releases is one of the major ways that firms get exposure and people get to know of the firm and the goods that they deal in. There is also promotion through social media as people are increasingly using the internet to find goods and products. Therefore, it would be useful for a design company to advertise their services on the social media platforms available (Russel). One advantage of social media is that it is a much cheaper way of advertising and it is easy to attract customers through the pictures posted. Newspaper advertisements are also

The Great Gatsby †Chapter 7 Summary :: Essays Papers

The Great Gatsby – Chapter 7 Summary Chapter 7 was another important chapter in this book, it started off with Gatsby deciding to call off his parties, which he had held primarily to lure Daisy. He has also fired his servants to prevent gossip, and replaced them with connections of Meyer Wolfsheim. On the hottest day of the summer, Nick drives to East Egg for lunch at Tom and Daisy's house. When the nurse brings in Tom and Daisy's baby girl, Gatsby is stunned. During the awkward afternoon, Gatsby and Daisy cannot hide their love for one another, and Tom finally notices their situation. After finally realizing the situation, Tom agrees with Daisy's suggestion that they should all go to New York together. Nick rides with Jordan and Tom in Gatsby's car; Gatsby and Daisy ride together in Tom's car. Stopping for gas at Wilson's garage, Nick, Tom, and Jordan learn that Wilson has discovered his wife's affair and plans to move her to the West. Nick perceives that Tom and Wilson are in the same position. Tom begins his confrontation with Gatsby by mocking his habit and the fact that he claimed he went to Oxford. Tom asks Gatsby about his intentions with Daisy, and Gatsby replies that Daisy loves him, not Tom. Tom claims that he and Daisy have a history that Gatsby could not possibly understand. He then accuses Gatsby of running a bootlegging operation. Daisy, who began the afternoon in love with Gatsby, feels herself moving closer and closer to Tom as she watches the confrontation. Tom realizes he has won, and sends Daisy back to Long Island with Gatsby to prove Gatsby's inability to hurt him. As the confrontation ends, Nick realizes that today is his thirtieth birthday. Back at Tom's house, Nick waits outside, and finds Gatsby hiding in the bushes.

Piaget Stages of Development Essay

Child development undergoes various stages from infancy to adulthood. This process of development is called by various psychologists as â€Å"progression through development† to which, age is often attached on each developmental stage. The first stage is called the infancy stage which is from birth to one year during which the physical and psychological occur most rapidly. In Piaget’s developmental theory, the child’s development during this stage is called â€Å"sensorimotor† because the child’s behavior at this stage is mostly simple motor responses to sensory stimuli† (Kalat 170). The stage of toddlerhood which is from one year to three years old is partly connected with infancy stage because as Olga Drebben asserts, â€Å"in these early childhood stages, the infants and toddler’s growth and development include very multifaceted processes of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial transformations. Drebben affirms that the primary modes of infant and toddler are sonsorimotor. The childhood stage or as Piaget calls it, the â€Å"preoperational stage of development† is the stage in which children are subject to externally imposed rules and adhere unquestioningly to rules and the directives of powerful adults. In this stage, peer relationship is an important factor towards constructing a self separate from others and towards developing the capacity to think in terms of other peoples’ attitude one self. Deutsch, Coleman and Marcus stated, â€Å"Equal peer relationships give children a chance to experience reciprocity which greatly assists them in perspective taking and problem solving† (Deutsch, Coleman, and Marcus 359). Adolescence stage on the one hand, is seen to takes place at the beginning of puberty or from 10 to 12 year for girls and 12 to 14 years for boys and end and at the age of 18 for girls and 21 for boys. While psychologist admits the lack of precision as to age limit, this stage â€Å"assume more responsibility for personal attainment and well being† (Arnett 168). It is also the stage to earn a living and a time when interest in fun increased. The stage of adulthood on the other hand are divided into three; early, middle and senior adults. The early adulthood which starts at age 21 up to 34 years, is concern on being able to engage in intimate relationships and in finding more satisfying work. This stage is also period of focusing on long term goals, nurturing other physically, finding a meaning in life, and developing a tolerance for delayed gratification to meet long-range goals (Corey and Corey 88). The middle adulthood ages 34 to 49 is regarded as the period of reassessment of one’s work satisfactions, of involvement in the community and of accepting choice made in life. According to Gerald and Marianne Corey, this period of life is a time for â€Å"solidifying one’s philosophy of life. The senior adults 50 to 64 are regarded as the beginning of the wisdom years. This period is characterized as the time for serving the community and planning for work transitions and retirement. Finally, the elderly, 65 years onward is the time â€Å"to find new levels of meaning in life and to appreciate what one has accomplished† (Corey and Corey, 89). This stage is a period of physical weakness because it is a time of diminished strength and increased dependence on others. Of all these stages, the development stage that is more susceptible to schizophrenia are the early adulthood ages 21 to 24 for men, while 40 and above for women. This is because the vast majority of the onset of this disease â€Å"falls within the interval of 15-54 years of age (Hirsch and Weinberger, 215). Steven Hirsch and Daniel Roy Weinberger noted that onsets of schizophrenia in men â€Å"peak steeply in the age group 20-24† (215), and it slowed down at lower level thereafter. This onset for men is the reverse for women above forties. The stages that are more prone to Alzheimer are definitely middle adults, senior adults and the elderly because this disease takes place during these stages of life. Question 2. Two of Piaget’s universal developments are the sensorimotor stage and the preoperational stage. The sensorimotor development stages starts from birth up to the end of the second year. Also called the neonatal stage, it is the period of development when the infant where simply a passive being that acts with out any systematic goal. Sensorimotor stage is the development of the child that includes intelligence based on perceptual experiences such as reflexes from 0-1month, primary circular reactions from 1to 4 months which is a repetition of certain pleasurable behaviors and formation of habits, secondary circular reactions 4 to 8 months, the coordination of secondary schemata and so forth. An example to this is the hand exercises. The child can follow simple instruction to close or open his or her hands as this is pleasurable exercise, during the infancy stage. But when the child is over one year old he can already follow basic instruction with basic understanding. Preoperational stage on the other hand begins at 2 up to 6 years of age. Salkind implies that Piaget’s preoperational stage of universal development is the progression of the infant from a reflexive organism to towards understanding of the symbolic world (248). Michie Swartwood and Kathy Trotter pointed out that in Piaget’s preoperational stage, the key feature of children’s thinking â€Å"is symbolic representation† (69). Swartwood and Trotter cited that during this stage, the child is able to use symbol, an object, or a word to stand for something else (69). Thus, though preoperational stage occurs right after the sensorimotor stage terminates, the child experiences tremendous progress during this stage. An example to this is the ability to follow simple instruction not to touch this or that, or that, on the ground that it will harm him or her, or that it will hurt him. In comparing both stages of development the child acquires certain degree of progression before each stage terminates. Both stages also display some degree of intelligence as the child now learns a lot of things through his or her experiences. But these stages also differ on some grounds. First, children in the sensorimotor stage do not think symbolically, while in preoperational stage they do think symbolically. Second, in the sensorimotor stage, the â€Å"child is limited to direct interaction with the environment, while in the second stage, the children learns to â€Å"manipulate symbols that represent the environment (Salkind, 248). In general however, both these stages show the child’s remarkable and development. Question 3. Some of the major stress that I am dealing with in my everyday life are first and foremost are the pressures from deadlines that must be met. This creates tension in me especially when I am running short of time. Biased treatment and sexism are also a great source of stress because it angers me. I really hate these things and I felt stress every time I encounter it. Some minor stressors however that I encounter everyday are the peer pressures. Peers insistences of something I do not like create pressures on me. Stern and unsmiling faces also s a source of stress especially those I meet daily. Some of the coping skills that I learned over time to keep the minor stressors from becoming major issues are; first, to ease my self of being too competitive. I learned this skill after I realized that I do not actually need to compete with my self. I simply need to make a list of priorities and take things at a time based on the priority list. Second, is to be friendly. I just realized that there is nothing wrong to great people with a smile regardless of how they would respond at me. I realized that by doing this, I could prevent the minor stress from becoming a major stress as I actually overcome it. Question 4. Schizophrenia is a disease. It is a chronic disease and severe mental disorder with a typical onset in adolescence and early adulthood and a lifetime prevalence of 1%. Dwight Evans cited that on average â€Å"male have their illness onset 3 to 4 years earlier than female† (78). Schizophrenia is not a developmental disorder but a chronic mental disease. The four type of schizophrenia are the following, paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated. The characteristic and symptoms of paranoid are hallucinations and delusions. In the disorganized type, it symptoms and characteristic are reflected by disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and inappropriate affect. The catatonic type manifest clinical syndrome such as excessive purposeless motor activity, extreme negativism, peculiar voluntary movements and so on. The undifferentiated sub type is diagnosed when the patient â€Å"does not meet criteria for the previous type yet does meet the criteria for schizophrenia† (Maddux & Winstead, 182). It is more likely that schizophrenia has a genetic cause than environmental. It is quite common that when there is schizophrenia in the family, it is passed down to another member. Thus this disease is called â€Å"psychobiological† illness amenable to chemical intervention and modification of the environment. An example to this is when a person is exposed to violence and all other abuses since birth, he has the tendency to have psychological trauma which causes schizophrenia. Question 5. One incident that happened in my lifetime was when I read the story about a plane crash killing all the more than two hundred passengers. After I read the story, I was shocked and I developed psychological fear regarding boarding an aircraft. Psychology fit in this scenario because I knew pretty well that it was simply an accident. In this experience, I developed some fear as it would always come to my mind that this plane might crash too. But as I came to realize, accident happens anywhere to anybody, at any given time and cause. Since I cannot prevent it nor predict it, the best thing to do is to just be very careful and avoid those that I can, but those that I cannot; I just leave my fate in the hands of God. The connection here between psychology and life is that, life is real; we should rather be practical and realistic than be overcome by fear and anxiety about our bad experiences. Question 6. I have incorporated in my work of art elements of psychology through my use of colors and designs. In using bright colors, I usually expressed strong emotion such as anger, or fear, or other emotions. I also incorporated psychology in my designs such as shapes that expresses meanings like lovely ideas or joyful situations. I will incorporate them in the future in the same way I incorporated it the last time with perhaps some improvement or modification. I could connect the process that I go through as an artist with psychology through putting meaning on my experiences in the light of what I have learned about psychology. That is, I must seek the context of what I am trying to portray to which I labor so much. It means that my work of art should be reflective of what life is, of the emotions, such love, fear, and other strong feelings that we often encounter or should I say, that always experience on a daily basis. Finally, one influence that will mesh with my future work of art is those that wear green colors, or things that are green. I am fascinated by this color and this influence in me can help meshed up with my future work of art. Work Cited Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen. International Encyclopedia of Adolescence, Volume 1 USA: CRC Press, 2007. Corey, Gerald & Corey Marianne Schneider. I Never Knew I Had a Choice: Explorations in Personal Growth USA: Cengage Learning, 2006 Deutsch, Morton; Coleman, Peter T. ; & Marcus, Eric Colton. The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2006 Drebben, Olga. Patient Education in Rehabilitation USA: Jones and Bartlett, 2010 Evans, Dwight Treating and Preventing Adolescent Mental Health Disorders: What We Know and What We don’t Know New York: Oxford University Press Hirsch, Steven & Weinberger Daniel Roy. Schizophrenia Great Britain: Wiley-Blackwell, 1995 Kalat, James W. Introduction to Psychology USA: Cengage Learning, 2008. Maddux, James & Winstead, Barbara. Psychopathology: Foundations for a Contemporary Understanding USA: Routledge, 2005. Salkind, Neil J. An Introduction to Theories of Human Development USA: Sage Publications, 2004 Swartwood, Michie & Trotter, Kathy. Observing Children and Adolescents: Student Workbook USA: Cengage Learning, 2004

Geographical Analysis in the Scientific Research and Modelling vs GIS Free Essay Example, 2500 words

After the couple has an opportunity to review the household income data for the various areas of their city/county where they want to locate their store, they can use a GIS-generated map to show in very visual form what areas of the city correspond to the income data. In this form, the relative income levels are much more understandable when pegged to areas on the map instead of a printed table. One of the best features of a GIS is the ability to layer different types of maps atop one-another, allowing users to visualize information in a manner that makes the data more understandable than each individual layer would have been alone. In this case, the sum of the parts is infinitely more than the layers would have been separate. Returning to our example, let us assume that John and Mary are able to view a GIS map that shows household income figures from U. S. Census data. With this, they are able to locate an area where the income level matches perfectly the price range of the clothin g they wish to offer. We will write a custom essay sample on Geographical Analysis in the Scientific Research and Modelling vs GIS or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page