Criminal Investigation Project Essay Example for Free

Criminal Investigation Project Essay In this generation, all human being have to work to earn for living. However it is not possible for us to be able to do any kind of work. That is why work been divided into physical work and intellectual limitation. An individual’s personality can be exposed through the job that he or she is engaged with. This enables the particular person to improve his/her level of maturation, skills and talents. The most reason that lead psychologist, sociologist, anthropologists, economists is because of the company want a result of earning obtain with giving special attention to human factor, if people are at low level in terms of work value for example lack of skills, knowledge, personality, professional, experience, motivation, everything is useless. First terms of general psychology, and where warranted by special mention is â€Å"occupational psychology†. They prefer to use term â€Å"occupational psychology† because it seems more comprehensive and it include â€Å"occupational psychology† and â€Å"organizational and management psychology†. General psychology about the human personality Generally when dealing with human personalities issue, the presentation will full with sides, component, and aspect. There is no doubt with usefulness of every piece presentation of this psychological reality. Important things they should not lose sight of the whole structure. In reality personality component interact with each other, related with each other, giving birth to structure that already specific by architecture. To actual existence of individual with the matters not the presence or absence of one of these sides, not the degree of development but its own way as it is structure. That is why psychology should focus on personality, structure that lead to a psycho-behavioural level, and lead to many effects. Personality which mediates perception and acceptance of external influence, it integrates them into levers. Its leaves mark on psychology phenomena on any reaction, even on human face. Only man has personality and as it arises and develops it produces the following effect: * Stabilize conduct * Unitary direction * Provides consensus though and fact, project and realizations * Adapts them to the present, but also on future * Exploits all opportunities and human capabilities * Makes deep involvement in dealing with people, tending to its creative transformation Personality is not present at birth. It is formed from the age of three and it is also based on environment around them, it is also not simply a psychological aspect of human life, but totality of diverse and numerous components. Therefore, one personality with full knowledge is not easy and also not good for mentality. Although comprising large number of components, personality is not simply their sum, but whole is based on human behaviour, should direct and lead them in relation to the environment. Features of personality as a whole is common to all, the organization of elements, is the level of development from person to person, personality is unique and original in each of human being that is why everyone have different personality. Personality is strongly determined and conditioned by man’s social existence. Socio cultural framework does not appear with all personality and self-organization. Personality is being influence by micro-environment, so if the micro-environment is good then the personality will be good and if not will be otherwise. All kind of personality traits are related with each other, it is very strong and its form, the fact, the structure. It develops over time and differs from one person to another person based on: * Level of development its component * Level of integration of element in whole personality * Stability of the structure of personality Personality operates like system 24 hours every day even in sleeping, its alive and dynamic. There are close relation and been organized in hierarchy, relation between them is substantial-energetic, functional, direct and reverse information. Activity is important of existence of man and his psychic, the one that lead to sedimentation and mental crystallization, emerge of relatively changes of structure. In analogy to the resolute-productive mechanisms of the transformative-constructive finalities and activities, in the structure of personality the resolute-productive subsystem is developing. Subsystem might be placed on edge of instrumental subsystem. Analogy constructed personality structure with human activity seems to be the most suitable for organizational and management psychology. Approach perspectives to personality In practical analysis and interpretation of reality, it may be a physical, human or social, the great importance is the theoretical concept of where it starts, and human personality study is more complex and dynamic. â€Å"Treaties of the psychology of personality settle to stock, to present a descriptive manner, theoretical models, sometimes associated methods and, rarely, to propose explanatory models, integrationist, combination of models, theories, schools or methods† (by Anita, 2000, pg18). * Golu .M (1993) identifies four main orientations in the study of personality: * Biologist orientation * Experimentalist orientation * Psychometric orientation * Sociocultural and anthropological orientation * Zlate M. (1997) conducted a survey of the main insights of the personality approach and systematized them into four board categories: * Atomistic perspective * Structural perspective * Systematic perspective * Psychosocial perspective FIRST PAGE Conducting Successful Interrogations By David Vessel, J. D.,FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, Oct. 1998. Obtaining information that an individual does not want to provide constitutes the sole purpose of an interrogation. A successful interrogation results in a guilty or involved criminal suspects making a confession or admitting participation in an illegal activity. However, interrogators frequently do not acquire information critical to successful case resolution. Often, guilty suspects leave the interrogation environment without making the smallest admission. Many experienced officers leave an interview or interrogation knowingly outwitted by the suspects. When these situations occur, criminals go unpunished and remain free to strike again, causing the entire community to suffer. Interrogations can fail for any number of reasons. Some reasons are foreseeable; some are not. However, interrogators can increase their success rates by eliminating or minimizing identifiable causes of failure. Once investigators have identified these factors, they can consider and act upon them to increase the probability of successful interrogations. These major components include preparing for the interrogation, distinguishing between interrogations and interviews, developing persuasive themes and arguments, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject, allowing enough time for the interrogation, acquiring adequate interrogation training, and understanding that some interrogations will fail regardless of any amount of effort employed. While not all-inclusive, these factors prove vital to successful interrogations. LAST PAGE CONCLUSION Interrogations fail for any number of reasons. Addressing and eliminating the interrelated, identifiable causes can prevent most failures. Preparing adequately, understanding the interrogation process, and appreciating the subjects needs and values remain paramount in achieving successful interrogations. Additionally, sufficient training and ample experience in conducting interrogations provide specific assistance to investigators involved in the process. Establishing a well-developed plan and allowing sufficient time for the interrogation to evolve also prove important factors in ensuring successful interrogations. All of these elements need constant attention for investigators to acquire the information critical to successfully resolve their cases. Properly addressing these factors greatly contributes to increasing the number of confessions obtained from guilty or involved suspects and to reducing the number of times officers are duped by these individuals. While interrogation failures impact all aspects of the criminal justice system, the investigators conducting these inquiries remain the most critical factor in reducing these failures. With adequate training, increased awareness, and established plans officers can become successful interrogators and effectively reduce the number of unsolved crimes that plague not only the law enforcement community but also the general, law-abiding population. SUMMARY CONDUCTING SUCCESSFUL INTERROGATIONS Interviewing is one form of communication that is used extensively by the law enforcement. Whether used to screen applicants, to elicit information from a witness to a crime, or to obtain a confession, a good interview can have a significant impact on an organization. However, if conducted improperly, the interview may be rendered worthless or can result in serious negative consequences for all involved. There can be many reasons why interrogations fail, some foreseeable, some not. But by eliminating and minimizing identifiable causes of failure such as preparing for the interrogation, establishing a set plan, building a good relationship with the interrogation subject etc., investigators can have a more higher rate of success. The important factors when conducting an interrogation:- Preparing the Investigation The most important factor is developing a preparation plan. Factors to consider when preparing this plan are the setting and environment, knowledge of case facts, familiarity with subjects’ backgrounds, and methods of documenting confessions. Setting and Environmental Consideration It is important that the investigator be in control of not only the flow of the interrogation but also the environmental setting such as a small, controlled, sound-insulated room that is free from diversions. This ensures that the suspects are only allowed to concentrate on answering the relative questions. Case Facts Knowledge The investigator should have full knowledge of all the facts of the case as well as know which factors are the more important ones. When an investigator is able to state out these facts confidently and with proof, the subjects are more likely to provide the necessary vital information. Familiarity with Subjects Backgrounds Having good knowledge of a subject’s background, such as their feelings, attitude and personal values as subjects usually make confessions based on how they feel then defend themselves with logic. Documenting Confessions Officers/investigators should settle all details regarding the documentation of the interrogation that is the video or audio recordings as well as written documentation, before beginning the interrogation so as to not make the subject feel unimportant and lead to an unsuccessful interrogation. Distinguishing Between Interrogation and Interviews There should be a clear distinction between an interview and an interrogation. An interview should always be conducted first before deciding on an interrogation. Interviews are done to get all the most basic information of the suspects’ involvement of a case. Once it is confirmed that the suspect is involved only then should they proceed to an interrogation. Developing Persuasive Themes and Arguments It is important to have the proper arguments and themes in persuading the subject to tell the truth. Three points stated that will help to make the interview successful in this area are first, investigators should gain more experience as every interview conducted provides different ideas. Second is planning their themes and arguments so as to tackle the subject into answering inquiries, but in a legal way. Third would be conducting good first interviews and identifying the subjects’ key responses, allowing there to be plenty of topics to be converted into themes.